Understanding the Effects of Gambling
Gambling involves betting money or other items of value on an event with the aim of winning something else of value. The event could be anything from rolling a die to winning a lottery ticket or a sports game. Gambling can also be done for fun and entertainment, such as playing card or board games with friends for small amounts of money or participating in a friendly sports betting pool. However, gambling can become addictive for some people, and it is important to recognize when your loved one’s behaviour has crossed the line into problem gambling.
The causes of gambling addiction are complex, and include genetic and environmental factors. For example, some people may have a biological predisposition for thrill-seeking behaviours and impulsivity. This can be a result of how the brain’s reward system is wired. In addition, some individuals may have a combination of personality traits and coexisting mental health conditions that make them susceptible to gambling addiction.
Another factor that can lead to gambling problems is how a person’s family, culture and community perceive the activity. For example, some religious communities consider gambling as a sin. This can create a stigma towards people who gamble, which makes it harder for them to seek help when they need it.
Longitudinal studies of gambling are a valuable tool for understanding the effects of this addictive activity. However, these types of studies are expensive and time consuming. They can also have challenges, such as funding requirements, difficulty retaining research team members over a long period and a tendency for gamblers to change their gambling behavior over time.
Many people engage in gambling activities for social reasons, such as enjoying a night out at a casino or betting on their favourite teams in a sports game. Other people enjoy gambling for financial reasons, such as hoping to win the jackpot or changing their lifestyle by winning a large amount of money. There are also those who gamble for coping reasons, such as to forget their worries or feel more self-confident.
There are three classes of impacts that can be caused by gambling: financial, labor and health and well-being. Financial impacts can be positive or negative and include increases in revenue, tourism and infrastructure costs or value. Labor impacts can include changes in productivity, absenteeism and job losses or gains. Health and well-being impacts can be positive or negative and include changes in physical, psychological and social functioning.
In the past, researchers have largely focused on measuring the financial and labor impacts of gambling. This approach has overlooked the impact on society and other aspects of a person’s life. Moreover, it fails to acknowledge the fact that gambling can have a significant impact on personal and interpersonal relationships. Consequently, a model was proposed to assess societal gambling impacts that includes both monetary and nonmonetary components. These impacts can be divided into personal, interpersonal and community/societal levels (Fig 1). The former refers to effects on gamblers themselves and the latter to those who are not gamblers.
